Maybe many people don’t know about the small and seemingly harmless striped shells that that begin appearing at the bottom of their lakes and streams. Boaters and water enthusiasts in the Great Lakes, and unfortunately the inland lakes of the states surrounding the Great Lakes, know these small, but ever multiplying shells all too well.
What I’m speaking of is not just empty shells, but mussels; Zebra and Quaga Mussels more specifically. These species are not native to North America (but in their defense, not much that lives here now, really ever was…). They are, in fact, native to Russia’s Caspian Sea. They’ve taken many long vacations due to international shipping and subsequently have fueled their prolific spread. They were first detected in North America in the Great Lakes region in the late 1980s, traveling on ocean going ships from the Atlantic into the St. Lawrence Seaway and on into the chain of the Great Lakes. Since then the spread has been astronomical, affecting not only the Great Lakes but major US rivers including the Mississippi, Hudson, St. Lawrence, Ohio, Cumberland, Missouri, Tennessee, Colorado and Arkansas.
One thing the mussels due for the waterways is make them much cleaner and clearer, filtering the water. In reality, they are actually filtering out the algae that would be a normal food source for native organisms. They also overwhelm the local mussels, by reproducing exponentially faster, forcing them into extinction and throwing off the entire ecosystem. Their numbers have grown so much they actually clog pipelines, marinas, boatyards, docks and in some places completely cover the natural landscape, whether it be the lake bottom or the shoreline.
How they are making their way across the country is by attaching themselves to boat hulls, drives, trailers and pretty much anything that finds its way into the waters they occupy. According to the US Geological Survey, the costs associated with controlling zebra mussel expansion may soon reach an estimated $5 billion annually, and that’s just in the Great Lakes region. Now, in less than 20 years, the mussels have made their way from one US coast to the next; something a lot of humans can’t even say. Around the beginning of this year, both species of mussels were found in California and causes multiple closures to waterways.
So what can we do? Anyone with a recreational water vessel can help prevent the spread of the species. It has actually been the recreational boater that has caused a major portion of the expansion since they found their way to the US. It can be easily deduced…just look at some of the lakes where the species can be found, much too small for even large recreational boats to navigate. Boaters who trailer their boats from lakes to lake, river to river, spreading this infection each time they launch their vessel. It’s not just the boaters who travel across the country either, but even fisherman and Jet Ski owners who trailer to local lakes. So Yes! Everyone with a water vessel.
Thankfully, the steps to prevent the spread are really very easy and take little time. Simplistically put, careful inspection and a thorough washing and drying of your boat and trailer after removing it from the water: which you should be doing for regular maintenance anyway.
Now, for the specifics: The mussels can be microscopic but typically look like black pepper and feel like sandpaper to the touch. Hulls should be cleaned to remove heavy build-up and thoroughly washed, ideally with hot water and high pressure, ounce far away from fresh water. Any visible plant or animal material should be removed, and water needs to be drained from all areas, including the bilge. Cooling systems also should be flushed with fresh water, and drained as much as possible, as mussel larvae can live in this water. Both hulls and engine compartments also should be thoroughly dried. Ideally, watercraft should be kept dry for a minimum of five days before launching into any new, different body of fresh water. The same steps should be applied to your watercraft’s trailer (Hemmel, Jeff. “Invasive mussels force California closures.” Powersports Business March, 10 2008.).
Sounds like a lot of work, and maybe too much trouble? Think of the alternative – mussel infestations will close your local waterway. On the bright side, I know where you can find some fast, effective, biodegradable Marine Cleaners. (BB)